1. Memori
  2. ›
  3. Articles

Parental Leave in Practice: International Comparisons and Family Outcomes

By Leon MoriguchiPublished May 13, 2026Updated May 18, 20266 min read日本語版あり
Audience
Parents considering or currently on parental leave

TL;DR

  • ·Policy design changes behavior: the Norwegian daddy quota showed that transforming father leave from an option into a forfeitable entitlement sharply raised take-up rates, and the effect is not specific to Norway — Quebec showed the same pattern
  • ·Norwegian longitudinal data show that access to paid maternal leave reduced children's high school dropout rates and raised wages at age 30, with the largest gains for children of less-educated mothers — the mechanism is better-quality parent-infant interaction during the early months
  • ·Japan's father leave take-up rate reached ~40% in fiscal 2024, the fastest rise in the system's history; the next relevant question is not whether fathers take leave but what they do during it

Contents

  1. Lead
  2. How Parental Leave Varies Around the World
  3. What Leave Means for Children
  4. What Father-Specific Leave Does
  5. Japan's Situation
  6. Practical Implications
  7. Summary
  8. References

Lead

You want to take parental leave. You're not sure how to raise it at work. The atmosphere in the office is hard to read. You worry about the effect on colleagues. And underneath all of that, a more basic question: does taking leave actually make a difference — to your child, to your family — in ways the research can confirm?

Japan's parental leave system is, on paper, among the longest available anywhere in the world. Actual take-up rates, however, have long lagged far behind what the law makes possible — especially for fathers. This article reviews how parental leave compares internationally and what research has established about its effects on families.


Partner Ultra / Ultra only

The rest of this article is for Partner Ultra / Ultra members

Anything affecting your child's health and safety is free. The more advanced reading is available to Memori members in the app.

Read the full article in the appSign in to keep reading →

Already a member? Sign in and the rest appears right here.

In the memori app

The memori app is for recording the parent as well as the child.

  • Your own recovery, mood and weight are recordable too, not just your child's.
  • Mood is recorded next to what happened that day.
  • The same records are shared across the family, with visibility set per role.
More about memori →
← PreviousSharing with Grandparents: How Much, in What Form, and by Whose DesignNext →Returning to Work and the Childcare Transition — What the Evidence Actually Shows

Related

  • The Emergence of Metacognition: When Children Begin to Know What They Know
  • How Caregivers Cooperate — What Coparenting Quality Means for Child Development
  • When the Ceremony Ends: The Psychology of Milestone Moments for Parents